A recent study reveals that discarded fish aggregating devices (FADs) used in tuna fishing are causing harm to marine protected areas by colliding with coral reefs and endangering wildlife. These drifting FADs, which attract smaller tropical tuna like skipjack, have infiltrated over half of the world’s marine protected zones, despite fishing bans in these areas.
Typically constructed from wood or bamboo with plastic components, FADs are approximately the size of a boardroom table. They are deployed with ropes hanging beneath to attract fish without using mesh nets, which were banned in 2025 due to their negative impact on marine life. Equipped with GPS buoys and fish detectors, these rafts lure fish for efficient harvesting by fishing vessels using purse seine nets.
Each year, around 100,000 FADs are released into the ocean, with approximately 90% becoming lost or abandoned. This leads to FADs drifting for up to five years, posing threats to marine ecosystems, especially when they enter protected areas. The study documented thousands of FAD strandings in 174 marine reserves, causing damage to coral reefs and risking entanglement of marine species like sharks and turtles.
Efforts to mitigate FAD impacts include promoting sustainability certifications like the Marine Stewardship Council, which incentivizes fishing companies to adopt eco-friendly practices. The development of biodegradable FAD alternatives, such as the “jelly FAD,” aims to reduce environmental harm. Recommendations to manage FAD deployment, retrieval, and disposal are crucial in safeguarding marine habitats and species.
Research plays a vital role in guiding conservation efforts and industry practices to minimize the adverse effects of FAD fishing. Collaboration between stakeholders, including fishing fleets, environmental organizations, and regulatory bodies, is essential for ensuring sustainable tuna fishing practices and protecting marine biodiversity. Increased public awareness is key to driving positive change in the fishing industry and preserving ocean ecosystems.
